To be awarded with the Nobel Prize represents the greatest achievement for an exceptional scientific career. Alfred Nobel wanted his legacy to be linked not to the invention of dynamite, but rather to the leading personalities in the fields of science, technology and humanities who had provided major benefits to mankind for their discoveries. Alfred Nobel’s testament (written and still kept as a copy in Villa Nobel, San Remo) not only has linked his name to the History of Mankind, but has outlined, since 1901, the long and exciting path of knowledge, creativity and progress.